Colorimeter



COLORIMER.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I4. 1917.

rammed Deo. (J, ISIS).

6 SHEETS-SHED I R. E. KLETT.

coLoRlMErER.

` APPLICATION FILED FEB.14,19I7- L324,16@ Patented Dec. 9,1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3- 37 7g 5 vw@ 1Mo@ R. E. KLETT.

COLORINIETEB.

APPLlcAloN FILED FEB.14.1911.

1,324,16U., Patented Da. 9,1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

R. E. KLETT.

COLORIMETER.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I4. IQVII.

Mgg@ l @QB Patented Dec. 9, 1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

5 num/dro z R. E. KLETT.

COLORIMETER.

APPUCA-HON FILED FEB. i4, 191?- L gg@ Patented Dec. 9,1919,

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UNTTEU STATE@ PATENT FFllE.

ROBERT E. KLETT, OF RIDGEFIELD PARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 KLETT MANUFAC- TUBING C0., INC., .A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

COLORIMETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 9, 19119.

Application filed February-14, 1917. Serial No. 148,683.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT E. KLE'I'I, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, resident of Ridgefield Park, county of Bergen, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and use'lul Improvements in Colorimeters, of which the following isv a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in colorimeters, or instruments for facilitating the making of quantitative and qualitative estimates of different substances in liquids, and particularly to the type known as nephelometers.

The principal object of the invention is to provide an instrument for the examination and analysis of colored liquids, bacterial solutions, and chemical mixtures in a liquid form.

A further object is to provide an ap )aratus in which the liquid to be examine is compared with another liquid of known or standard strength whereby a correct estimate of the coloring matter or other` similar properties may be attained.

A still further object is to provide an aparatus which is easily and correctly adjusted or otherwise manipulated so that the best results may be obtained relative to the lighting means employed and from which direct readings may be taken with accuracy.

These and'other like objects are attained by the novel design, construction and combination of parts hereafter described and shown in the accompanying drawings, forming a material part of `this disclosure, and in which Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view shown ing the entire apparatus as combined with the lighting means.

Fig. 2 is a rear elevational view of the instrument without the artificial light attachment, as shown in Fig. 6.

Fig. 3 is an elevational view taken from the opposite side of the instrument.

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 4-4 of Fig. (i.

Fig. 5 is a similar sectional view taken on.

line 5-5 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 6 is a side elevational view of the apparatus, the casing and lighting means being removed.

Fig. 7 is a partial front elevational view showing the arrangement of lens tubes or plungers.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of one of the prisms employed.

Fig. 9' is a similar view showing the other prism.

Figs. 10 to 13 are sectional views, illus tratmg the diiierent forms of liquid contalners.

Fig. 14 is a vertical sectional View taken on lme 18-18 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 15 is a partial sectional view showing a modification of the same parts taken 1n a different plane, and

Fig. 16 is a sectional View taken on line 20-20 of Fig. 15.

The apparatus is adapted to be partially supported by a relatively heavy base 25, at the center of which is a raised projection'.` engaged with which are a pair of lugs 27 secured by the clamp Screw 28 in the manner of a hinge, the lugs being formed with ai rigid cross-bar 30 to which is secured a substantially rectangular plate 32 having a highly finished, unbroken black surface, at the top of which is a transverse plate 33.

Formed in the rear extending portion of the plate 33 are bearings in wlnch are rotatably mountedspindles 35 provided with knurled adjusting heads 36 adapted for relatively slow movement, and extensions having similar knurled knobs 37 by which the spindles 35 may be rapidly twirled.

The greater part of the length of the spindles 35 are screw-threaded, and have reduced lower ends 39 mounted in bearings 31 formed with the bar 30, screws 38 providing against longitudinal movement of the spindles, their points engaging in annular recesses formed in the lower ends of the spindles.

Slidably engaging with the edges of the plate 32 are brackets 40 having enlargements 41 threaded to suit the spindle threads 35, and adjacent to the bosses 41 angular inner ends are formed upon which are secured thin-spring Vernier plates 42, the

same being adjustable by means of slots 43 and clamped by Screws 44, the lines on the verniers 45 being registerable with the scales 46 on the bar 47 attached to the plate 32.

On the opposite side of the plate, the brackets 40 have integrally formed stages 48, having circular openings 49 near their outer end, the same being recessed or counterbored as at 50, the whole being of integral construction.

Also engaged with the bar 30, opposite the lugs 27, is a U shape bracket 60, between the extending arms of which is pivotally mounted a plate having a mirror 61 upon one side and a light colored opaque light diffusing surface 62 upon the other, the plate being rotatable by means of the knurled knob 63 attached to a stein 64 which extends from the end of the combined plates through one of the arms 60, the other arm having a pivot screw 65 contacting with the opposite end of the plat'es. Thus it is possible to reverse the plate oi to position it at any angle desired.

The pivotally mounted plate, when the instrument is to be used as a colorimeter, is turned with the mirror 61 on top in order to present a light surface when a view is taken through the eye-piece and the colorimetric cups therebelow. In its reversed position, with the light diffusing surface 62 on top, it will disperse the light uniformly throughout the interior of the casing when the instrument is used as a nephelometer. The plate may be adjusted by means of the knob 63 to suit the particular requirement of a person making the observation.

The opposite end of the transverse Aplate 33 has attached upon its lower side a pair of plunger tubes 66 and 66 made of black opaque glass at the lower ends of which are fused lenses 67, the same being in alinement with the axis of the plate 61-62.

Upon the upper side of the plate 33 is secured a casing 70 containing a pair of prisms, one of which, 72, is arranged with reference to the left tube-66 so that thelight rays pass upward perpendicularly through the center of the eye piece at the upper end of which the eye is placed in taking observations.

The other prism 73 is so arranged as to receive light from the right hand tube 66', the light passing through its center, and through a central square projection 74 providing an escape for the rays from tube 66 incident upon the projection and at the saine time an entrance for the rays from tube 66, so as to present to the eye applied to the eye piece 75 a square inclosed in a circle, the light from the tube 66 showing the square, and the light from the tube 66 the circle.

Attached to the apparatus, at tliebottom of the bar 30 and to the top plate 33, is a substantially rectangular casing having an Mounted transversely in the casing 81 is a transparent plate 90, used to prevent heating the front portion of the apparatus, the casing at that point being encircled by a band 91 supported by a hinge joint 93 engaging a bar 94 which may be clamped in adjustment by the screw 95, it being understood that the bar 94 is telescopically arranged in the support tube 96 so as to allow the light to be raised or extended as the instrument is elevated upon the pivot screw 28.

Secured within the casing 81 on the opposite side of the transparent plate 90 from the lamp 33, is a lens 100, the same being held 1n position by a fixed ring 101 on one side, and an annular band 102 upon the other, the object of the lens being to concentrate the rays of light from the lamp 83 throwing the same upon a pair of independently adjustable reflectors 105 engaged tothe walls 80 of the casing by hinged joints 106.

-These reflectors are operated by means of slideways 107 secured upon their outer side having engaged in them the T shaped heads 109 formed with rods 110, the latter extending outward through sleeves 112 fixed in the upper portion of the casing 80 and provided vvith set screws 114 by means of which the rods 110 may be clamped in position, knobs 115 being engaged with the tops of the rods for actuating the same.

In the adaptation shown in Figs.` 15 and 16, the reflectors 105 are engaged in a similar manner by the hinges 106 and have pivoted at their outer ends links 118 in turn attached to the rods 110 by pivots 119, the construction in all other respects being the same.

lVhenthe apparatus is to be used as a colorinieter,l cups 121 or 122 containing a liquid and having enlarged heads 123 and 124 respectively, and transparent bottoms 120 are seated in the recesses 50 frmed in the stages. By properly adjusting the angle of the reflectors 105 the light beams will strike upon the mirror 61 presenting a -light surface and enabling an observer to see through the transparent bottoms 120 of the cups.

When the apparatus is used as a nepheloineter, the reflectors 105 are placed at an angle to obtain the maximum of light in the eye piece, and will throw the rays uniformly upon the light diffusing surface 62, uni- -fornily distributing the light/and allowing a proper observation through the eye-piece.

The upper ends or heads of the cups are enlarged in order to facilitate the insertion of the lens holding tubes 66 and 66 therein.

i i v.tively raised or lowered by manipula-ting the magico It is to be understood that the tubes 66 and 66 are inserted well into the cups containing the liquid, below the surface thereof.

The entire frame is capable of being tilted for two purposes, first to permit an operator to use the instrument when he is seated,

thereby relieving bodily strain caused by standing and leaning over the instrument when in an upright, perpendicular' position, and second, to avoid the formation of air bubbles which otherwise are certain to collect below the eye pieces 67 when entered into the liquid, the tilting obviously causing any bubbles which may form to move laterally to the highest point, out of the line of observation. It will be understood that a moderate inclination only of the frame is desirable, not sufllcient to unseat the cups or to cause spilling of the liquid contained therein.

It will be clear that the rays of light from the lamp 83 pass through the glass 90 and then into the apparatus through the lens 100. If the reflectors 105 are raised and the cup carrying stages are lowered, direct rays of light will be thrown or directed against the sides of the cups and their contents.

It is noticeable that the stages are regulated by means of the threaded spindles, and that a very fine adjustment caribe obtained.

When desirable, the stage may be relasmall knobs at the head of the spindles. Also that in `addition to a mirror reflecting surface 6l the opposite plate 62 is preferably milk white, which provides a regular and clear light if the reflection from the mirror is too strong.

By means of the scales provided, the results of the examination may be readily gaged and recorded for comparison.

Thus it is possible to compare any liquid with another having a known strength or depth of color or other elements contained therein.

In liquidsof a yellow color which it is difficult to determine by a yellow light, a blue lens is inserted in the holders 56 rendering their examination entirely feasible.

From the foregoing, it will be evident that the stage, sliding bracket and Vernier carrier are formed from a single piece contacting along the plate at the edge and back only of the plate, so that its finished black front is not interfered with or scratched by movement of the stage carrying devices. The

' arrangement of Vernier is such as to facilitate its sliding easily over the graduated scale on the back of t-he instrument, a constant tension being always obtainable and the screws are prevented from having lost y or dead motion.

It is further noted that the spindles which operate the stages, together with those which actuate the reflectors, are at the top of the instrument, so as to be readilyaccessible even within a darkened room, and finally, that the main or face plate of the instrument is one imperforate p1ece through which no light can enter from the back.

After the instrument has been adjusted and ready for actual work, a standard solution is put in the cups on both sides of the instrument, and the stages adjusted until exact uniformity is obtained as viewed through the eye piece 75 by adjustment of the mirrors 105. The liquid to be tested is then substituted for the standard liquid upon one side and the stage adjusted by the spindles until uniformity is again obtained through the eye piece, whereupon the` readings of the scale indicate accurately the differences between the solutions and permit of calculations whereby the substances contained in the solution are arrived at.

'Thus it will be seen that an apparatus is provided which iseasily operated and by the use of which accurate results are obtained.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In a colorimeter, the combination with a light-ing means, a chamber containing the same and apair of cupscontaining matter to be tested, of a pair of mirror reflectors arranged side by side within said chamber, and means for adjusting each of said reflectors independently whereby the light may be adjusted uniformly upon each of said cups.

2. In a colorimeter, the combination with a support plate and a pair of screw threaded rods mounted therein, of a stage engageable with each of said screw threaded rods and with the lateral edges of said plate, said stages and engaging surfaces being integrally formed.

3. In a colorimeter, the combination withA a plate having a mirror surface upon one side, and an enameled light diffusing surface upon the other side, of means for adjusting said reflector angularly, said means also permitting the rotation of the reflector, and means for directing light rays thereto.

4. In a colorimeter, the combination with a lighting means, a chamber therefor, and a support plate, of an inclinable reflector, two independently movable stages arranged on said plate, a pair of independentlv oper-V able reflectors arranged in said lighting chamber, said last named reflectors being s0 arranged that light rays from each can be thrown upon said stages, and means for inclining said last named reflectors so as to produce a uniform light ray upon each sta e.

5. In a colorimeter, the combination with an inclinable support, of a pair of stages slidably engaged therewith. screw-threaded rods mounted in said supports engaging said stages, knurled disks for rotating said rods ing receptacle comprised of glass having at a slow speed, knul-led knobs for rotating black, opaque, cylindrical walls, and an oprods at a high speed, a graduated plate attically transparent bottom fused integrally l0 tached to said support, and a. Vernier on thereto at a right angle to said Walls. 5 each of said stages by means of which their In testimony Whereotl I have affixed my relative height muy be ascertained. signature this 7 th day of Feb., 1917.

6. In a colorilneter, a tubular liquid hold- HUBERT E. KLETT. 

